The most important monuments near Aswan are the Abu Simbel temples. These temples are quite far from here actually (several hours by bus and almost one hour by plane). If you want to visit them, you can stay in Aswan, because there are only two small hotels in Abu Simbel (and they ar not cheap).
The temples in Abu Simbel are wonderful. So wonderful that I dedicated a complete Photographic Tour to them. If you want to visit Abu Simbel, they should be your last visit, because after the visit to Abu Simbel the rest of the temples you visit will not impress you much.