The city of Marrakech was founded in the 11th century by Yussuf bni Tashufin, who gave it its name, "Land of the Kouch-men" ( "Marra Kouch"). In the 12th century the Almohads conquered the city and most of its buildings were destroyed. Soon after began the constructions of two of today's Marrakech landmarks, the Koutoubia mosque and the Menara Gardens.
In the 13th century the Merenids take control of the city, and move the capital of their reign to Fez. Marrakech underwent a period of crisis until the 16th century when the Saadians took control of the town. During the 17th and 18th century Marrakech recovers itself, and it becomes the capital of South Morocco.
At the beginning of the 20th century the Saharan chieftain, El Hiba, takes over the city for a short period of time. In 1913 the French plan a new city outside the city ramparts.
In 1956, with the newly gained independence, the capital is moved to Rabat. Soon after Marrakech becomes an international tourist destination.